Spring Boot 3项目集成Swagger3教程

Swagger是一个用于设计、构建、记录和使用RESTful web服务的开源软件框架。Swagger 3（OpenAPI 3.0）提供了更加强大和灵活的API文档生成能力。本教程将指导您如何在Spring Boot 3项目中集成Swagger3，并使用Knife4j作为UI界面。

1. 添加依赖

首先，您需要在项目的pom.xml文件中添加Swagger3的依赖。同时，为了确保依赖能够正确下载，您可以添加阿里云的Maven镜像仓库。

    <!--swagger3-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.github.xiaoymin</groupId>
        <artifactId>knife4j-openapi3-jakarta-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.0</version>
    </dependency>


<repositories>
    <!--阿里云镜像-->
    <repository>
        <id>alimaven</id>
        <name>aliyun maven</name>
        <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
        <releases>
            <enabled>true</enabled>
        </releases>
        <snapshots>
            <enabled>true</enabled>
        </snapshots>
    </repository>
</repositories>

2. 配置Swagger

在Spring Boot项目中创建一个配置类SwaggerConfig，并添加Swagger的配置信息。

import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.ExternalDocumentation;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.OpenAPI;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Contact;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Info;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.License;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class SwaggerConfig {
    @Bean
    public OpenAPI springShopOpenAPI() {
        return new OpenAPI()
                .info(new Info().title("标题")
                        .contact(new Contact())
                        .description("我的API文档")
                        .version("v1")
                        .license(new License().name("Apache 2.0").url("http://springdoc.org")))
                .externalDocs(new ExternalDocumentation()
                        .description("外部文档")
                        .url("https://springshop.wiki.github.org/docs"));
    }
}

3. 实体类和控制层注解

在您的实体类和控制层中使用Swagger注解来描述API。

// 实体类注解示例
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelProperty;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.write.style.ColumnWidth;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;

import java.util.Date;

@Data
@Builder
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true)
@Schema(name = "Employee", description = "$!{table.comment}")
public class Emp {
    @ExcelProperty("ID")
    @Schema(description = "ID")
    private int id;
    @ExcelProperty("用户名")
    @Schema(description = "用户名")
    private String names;
    @ExcelProperty("工资")
    @Schema(description = "工资")
    private double salary;
    @ExcelProperty("生日")
    @Schema(description = "生日")
    private Date birthday;
    @ColumnWidth(20)
    @ExcelProperty("头像")
    @Schema(description = "头像")
    private String photo;
    
//    @ColumnWidth(20)
//    @DateTimeFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
//    @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
//    @ExcelProperty("创建日期")
//    private Date u_create_time;
}


// 控制层注解示例
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;

@Operation(summary = "获取所有员工信息")
@GetMapping("/selectAll")
public List<Emp> selectAll() {
    // ...
}

4. 通用返回结果封装

创建一个通用的返回结果类，用于统一API的响应格式。

import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Builder(toBuilder = true)
@AllArgsConstructor
@Setter
@Getter
@Slf4j
public class Result<T> {
    /**
     * 提示信息
     */
    @Schema(description = "提示信息")
    private String message;
    /**
     * 是否成功
     */
    @Schema(description = "是否成功")
    private boolean success;
    /**
     * 返回状态码
     */
    @Schema(description = "返回状态码")
    private Integer code;
    /**
     * 数据
     */
    @Schema(description = "数据")
    private T data;

    public Result() {
    }

    public static Result success() {
        Result Result = new Result();
        Result.setSuccess(Boolean.TRUE);
        Result.setCode(ResultCode.SUCCESS.getCode());
        Result.setMessage(ResultCode.SUCCESS.getMsg());
        return Result;
    }

    public static Result success(String msg) {
        Result Result = new Result();
        Result.setMessage(msg);
        Result.setSuccess(Boolean.TRUE);
        Result.setCode(ResultCode.SUCCESS.getCode());
        return Result;
    }

    public static Result success(Object data) {
        Result Result = new Result();
        Result.setData(data);
        Result.setSuccess(Boolean.TRUE);
        Result.setCode(ResultCode.SUCCESS.getCode());
        Result.setMessage(ResultCode.SUCCESS.getMsg());
        return Result;
    }

    /**
     * 返回失败 消息
     *
     * @return Result
     */
    public static Result failure() {
        Result Result = new Result();
        Result.setSuccess(Boolean.FALSE);
        Result.setCode(ResultCode.FAILURE.getCode());
        Result.setMessage(ResultCode.FAILURE.getMsg());
        return Result;
    }

    /**
     * 返回失败 消息
     *
     * @param msg 失败信息
     * @return Result
     */
    public static Result failure(String msg) {
        Result Result = new Result();
        Result.setSuccess(Boolean.FALSE);
        Result.setCode(ResultCode.FAILURE.getCode());
        Result.setMessage(msg);
        return Result;
    }

    public static Result failure(Integer code, String msg) {
        Result Result = new Result();
        Result.setSuccess(Boolean.FALSE);
        Result.setCode(code);
        Result.setMessage(msg);
        return Result;
    }


    public static Result failure(String msg, ResultCode exceptionCode) {
        Result Result = new Result();
        Result.setMessage(msg);
        Result.setSuccess(Boolean.FALSE);
        Result.setCode(exceptionCode.getCode());
        Result.setData(exceptionCode.getMsg());
        return Result;
    }

    /**
     * 返回失败 消息
     *
     * @param exceptionCode 错误信息枚举
     * @return Result
     */
    public static Result failure(ResultCode exceptionCode) {
        Result Result = new Result();
        Result.setSuccess(Boolean.FALSE);
        Result.setCode(exceptionCode.getCode());
        Result.setMessage(exceptionCode.getMsg());
        return Result;
    }

    /**
     * 返回失败 消息
     *
     * @param exceptionCode 错误信息枚举
     * @param msg           自定义错误提示信息
     * @return Result
     */
    public static Result failure(ResultCode exceptionCode, String msg) {
        Result Result = new Result();
        Result.setMessage(msg);
        Result.setSuccess(Boolean.FALSE);
        Result.setCode(exceptionCode.getCode());
        return Result;
    }

}

5. 注解说明

Swagger3的注解与Swagger2有所不同，以下是一些常用注解的对照表：

Swagger2注解	Swagger3注解	注解位置
@Api	@Tag(name = “接口类描述”)	Controller类上
@ApiOperation	@Operation(summary = “接口方法描述”)	Controller方法上
@ApiImplicitParams	@Parameters	Controller方法上
@ApiImplicitParam	@Parameter(description = “参数描述”)	Controller方法上
@ApiParam	@Parameter(description = “参数描述”)	方法参数上
@ApiIgnore	@Parameter(hidden = true) 或 @Operation(hidden = true)	-
@ApiModel	@Schema	DTO类上
@ApiModelProperty	@Schema	DTO属性上

6. 访问Swagger UI

启动您的Spring Boot应用后，您可以通过以下地址访问Swagger UI：

http://localhost:8080/doc.html
http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui/index.html

在这里，您可以查看API文档，测试API接口，并获取相关信息。

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